RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Migraine and cardiovascular disease
JF Neurology
JO Neurology
FD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SP 628
OP 635
DO 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d0cc8b
VO 74
IS 8
A1 M. E. Bigal
A1 T. Kurth
A1 N. Santanello
A1 D. Buse
A1 W. Golden
A1 M. Robbins
A1 R. B. Lipton
YR 2010
UL http://n.neurology.org/content/74/8/628.abstract
AB Objectives: Although the relationship between migraine and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been studied, several questions remain unanswered. Herein we contrast the rate of diagnosed CVD as well as of risk factors for CVD in individuals with migraine with and without aura (MA and MO) and in controls. Methods: In this case-control study, migraineurs (n = 6,102) and controls (n = 5,243) were representative of the adult US population. Headache diagnosis was formally assigned using a validated mailed questionnaire which also obtained details on treatment, comorbidities, and other variables. CVD events were obtained based on self-reported medical diagnosis. Risk factors for CVD and modified Framingham scores were computed. Results: In unadjusted analyses, migraine overall and MA were associated with myocardial infarction, stroke, and claudication, and MO was associated with myocardial infarction and claudication. Migraineurs were more likely than controls to have a medical diagnosis of diabetes (12.6% vs 9.4%, odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–1.6), hypertension (33.1% vs 27.5%, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.6), and high cholesterol (32.7% vs 25.6%, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.5). Risk was highest in MA, but remained elevated in MO. Framingham scores were significantly higher in MO and MA than in controls. After adjustments (gender, age, disability, treatment, CVD risk factors), migraine remained significantly associated with myocardial infarction (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7–2.8), stroke (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–2.1), and claudication (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.98–3.23). Conclusion: Both migraine with and without aura are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with risk factors for CVD. However, since our sample size is large, the clinical relevance of the differences is yet to be established. AMPP=American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention; CI=confidence interval; CVD=cardiovascular disease; ETTH=episodic tension type headache; MA=migraine with aura; MO=migraine without aura; OR=odds ratio.