PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Albanese, Emiliano
AU  - Matthews, Karen A.
AU  - Zhang, Julia
AU  - Jacobs, David R.
AU  - Whitmer, Rachel A.
AU  - Wadley, Virginia G.
AU  - Yaffe, Kristine
AU  - Sidney, Stephen
AU  - Launer, Lenore J.
TI  - Hostile attitudes and effortful coping in young adulthood predict cognition 25 years later
AID  - 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002517
DP  - 2016 Mar 29
TA  - Neurology
PG  - 1227--1234
VI  - 86
IP  - 13
4099  - http://n.neurology.org/content/86/13/1227.short
4100  - http://n.neurology.org/content/86/13/1227.full
SO  - Neurology2016 Mar 29; 86
AB  - Objective: We studied the relation of early-life (mean age 25 years) and mid-life (mean age 50 years) cognitive function to early measures of hostile attitudes and effortful coping.Methods: In 3,126 black and white men and women (born in 1955–1968) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA), we used linear regression to examine the association of hostile attitudes (Cook-Medley questionnaire) and effortful coping assessed at baseline (1985–1986) to cognitive ability measured in 1987 and to a composite cognitive Z score of tests of verbal memory, psychomotor speed, and executive function ascertained in midlife (2010–2011).Results: Baseline hostility and effortful coping were prospectively associated with lower cognitive function 25 years later, controlling for age, sex, race, education, long-term exposure to depression, discrimination, negative life events, and baseline cognitive ability. Compared to the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of hostility performed 0.21 SD units lower (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.39, −0.02). Those in the highest quartile of effortful coping performed 0.30 SD units lower (95% CI −0.48, −0.12) compared to those in the lowest quartile. Further adjustment for cumulative exposure to cardiovascular risk factors attenuated the association with the cognitive composite Z score for hostility.Conclusions: Worse cognition in midlife was independently associated with 2 psychological characteristics measured in young adulthood. This suggests that interventions that promote positive social interactions may have a role in reducing risk of late-age cognitive impairment.AD=Alzheimer disease; CARDIA=Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CES-D=Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; CI=confidence interval; CVRF=cardiovascular risk factors; DSST=Digit Symbol Substitution Test; IPCW=inverse probability of attrition weights; JHAC12=John Henryism Scale for Active Coping; RAVLT=Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test