Table 1.

Diffusion parameters for different sets of ROI in the NAWM and in the gray matter

Anatomic region	FA, median (range)		VR, median (range)		MD (× 10⁻³ mm²/s), median (range)
Anatomic region	Control subjects	Patients	Control subjects	Patients	Control subjects	Patients
Significantly different from controls, Mann–Whitney U test:
* p < 0.05;
† p < 0.01;
‡ p < 0.001;
§ p < 0.0001.
NAWM = normal-appearing white matter; FA = fractional anisotropy; VR = volume ratio; MD = mean diffusivity.
NAWM
Anterior limb of internal capsule	0.64 (0.57–0.70)	0.61^* (0.45–0.70)	0.54 (0.45–0.6)	0.58^* (0.42–0.78)	0.82 (0.71–0.96)	0.79 (0.73–1)
Genu of internal capsule	0.68 (0.61–0.67)	0.67 (0.53–0.75)	0.49 (0.31–0.6)	0.51 (0.37–0.68)	0.79 (0.64–0.93)	0.79 (0.67–1)
Posterior limb of internal capsule	0.68 (0.57–0.8)	0.68 (0.57–0.83)	0.44 (0.26–0.65)	0.47 (0.21–0.63)	0.77 (0.54–0.9)	0.71 (0.6–0.9)
Frontal lobe	0.59 (0.51–0.66)	0.54^§ (0.42–0.68)	0.59 (0.46–0.68)	0.69^§ (0.5–0.78)>	0.84 (0.77–0.9)	0.90^† (0.72–1.4)
Temporal lobe	0.60 (0.5–0.75)	0.54^§ (0.37–0.67)	0.58 (0.37–0.74)	0.67^‡ (0.44–0.84)	0.80 (0.71–0.9)	0.83 (0.7–0.99)
Occipital lobe	0.58 (0.46–0.71)	0.53^† (0.37–0.72)	0.62 (0.46–0.77)	0.68^* (0.32–0.82	0.82 (0.7–0.93)	0.79 (0.62–0.95)
Parietal lobe	0.64 (0.53–0.72)	0.58^† (0.41–0.7)	0.54 (0.34–0.69)	0.61^† (0.42–0.81)	0.82 (0.72–0.97)	0.81 (0.67–0.99)
Genu of corpus callosum	0.77 (0.62–0.88)	0.76 (0.53–0.9)	0.34 (0.15–0.6)	0.34 (0.11–0.65)	0.82 (0.64–1)	0.84 (0.63–1.4)
Splenium of corpus callosum	0.73 (0.63–0.89	0.66^† (0.54–0.83)	0.37 (0.13–0.56)	0.49^† (0.23–0.68)	0.96 (0.75–1.1)	1.1^‡ (0.76–1.6)
Cerebral peduncle	0.70 (0.64–0.8)	0.68^* (0.52–0.81)	0.42 (0.2–0.6)	0.46^* (0.27–0.61	0.84 (0.67–0.97)	0.87 (0.53–1.7)
Middle cerebellar peduncle	0.68 (0.57–0.73)	0.64 (0.34–0.76)	0.45 (0.27–0.65)	0.49 (0.27–0.87)	0.87 (0.6–1)	0.88 (0.74–1.2)
Supratentorial NAWM regions	0.65 (0.6–0.68)	0.60^§ (0.56–0.64)	0.50 (0.44–0.57)	0.55^§ (0.49–0.63)	0.81 (0.76–0.9)	0.82 (0.75–0.98)
Infratentorial NAWM regions	0.69 (0.62–0.76)	0.66^* (0.43–0.75)	0.43 (0.3–0.6)	0.49^† (0.31–0.64)	0.86 (0.71–0.97)	0.88 (0.75–1.3)
All NAWM regions	0.65 (0.61–0.69)	0.62^§ (0.56–0.66)	0.50 (0.42–0.55)	0.54^§ (0.48–0.62)	0.82 (0.77–0.91)	0.84 (0.78–0.98)
Gray matter
Caudate nucleus (head)	0.32 (0.20–0.44)	0.36^* (0.23–0.53)	0.89 (0.80–0.95)	0.86^* (0.7–0.94)	0.83 (0.83–1.1)	0.83 (0.65–0.98)
Putamen	0.29 (0.21–0.43)	0.35^† (0.18–0.51)	0.90 (0.79–0.95)	0.87^† (0.69–0.96)	0.79 (0.65–1)	0.75^* (0.66–0.88)
Thalamus (pulvinar)	0.29 (0.24–0.40)	0.36^† (0.21–0.51)	0.91 (0.8–0.94)	0.84^† (0.69–0.95)	0.84 (0.72–1)	0.82 (0.62–0.99)
Hippocampus	0.29 (0.21–0.44)	0.29 (0.16–0.49)	0.91 (0.75–0.95)	0.89 (0.72–0.97)	0.94 (0.72–1.1)	0.95 (0.65–1.4)
Cerebellar gray matter	0.24 (0.16–0.35)	0.28 (0.14–0.44)	0.93 (0.86–0.97)	0.91 (0.78–0.98)	0.85 (0.75–1.1)	0.90 (0.71–1.3)
All basal ganglia regions	0.31 (0.24–0.42)	0.35^† (0.24–0.46)	0.9 (0.81–0.94)	0.86^† (0.75–0.93)	0.82 (0.7–1)	0.80 (0.66–0.92)